2008年安徽血吸虫病传播控制与传播阻断达标地区疫情评估

Assessment on the endemic situation of schisitosomiasis in the areas with transmission control or interruption in 2008 in Anhui Province

目的调查7个县(区)血吸虫病疫情状况,判定其是否符合血吸虫病传播控制或传播阻断标准。方法在每个县(区)随机抽取3个乡,每个乡随机抽取1个行政村开展人畜感染情况调查。人群查病采用IHA法对6～65岁的常住居民进行筛查,阳性者再采用尼龙绢集卵孵化法检查;对所有敞放的牛和羊采用粪便直接毛蚴孵化法检查。传播控制达标评估县(区)对近3年查出钉螺且人、畜活动频繁的环境,采用系统抽样结合环境抽样调查法查螺;传播阻断达标评估县(区)对历史有螺环境、可疑有螺环境采用全面细查法查螺。同时,审核近5年的血吸虫病疫情资料。结果 4个区居民和家畜血吸虫感染率均低于1%,未出现当地感染的急性血吸虫病病例;连续2年以上查不到感染性钉螺;3个县(市、区)已连续5年未发现当地感染的血吸虫病病例,连续2年以上查不到钉螺。结论 4个区的血吸虫病疫情达到了传播标准,3个县(市、区)的疫情达到了传播阻断标准。

Objective To investigate the endemic situation of schisitosomiasis in 7 counties to judge whether or not they have reached the criteria of transmission control or transmission interruption.Methods 3 villages respectively in 3 townships were randomly chosen in each county.In the chosen villages,residents from 6 to 65 years old were screened with IHA,and the positive were examined with miracidium hatching method. Bovines and sheep were examined with miracidium hatching method.The snails were surveyed with the systemic sampling method combined with environmental sampling method in the areas where snails were found in resent 3 years or people and domestic animals acted frequently for the assessment of transmission control,and snails were carefully and completely surveyed in the areas where snails were ever found in the past or suspicious environment for the assessment of transmission interruption.In the meantime,the data of schistosomiasis endemic situation were verified.Results The infection rates of residents and domestic animals were both lower than 1.0%,no acute schistosomiasis cases occurred,and infected snails were not found in resent two years in 4 counties.No infected residents and domestic animals were found for 5 years in succession,and no snails were found for 2 years in succession in 3 counties.Conclusion 4 counties have reached the criteria of transmission control,and 3 counties have reached the criteria of transmission interruption.