雷达作业人员白班作业后工作绩效和主观工作负荷的变化

Changes of performance and subjective workload of radar operators after day shift

目的 观察雷达作业人员白班作业后工作绩效和主观工作负荷的变化.方法 根据某雷达部队正常工作班次,对21名男性雷达作业人员白班(8:00-12:00为上午班,12:00-18:00为下午班)作业前后分别进行跟踪计算机模拟雷达信号、识别目标绩效、临界闪光融合频率(critical flicker fusion frequency,CFF)和数字划消成绩测试,同时对工作负荷进行主观测评.结果 上、下午班后的CFF值(分别为30.34±1.49、31.11±1.53)较班前(分别为31.61±1.84、32.41±2.13)显著降低(t=5.49、4.64,P＜0.01),班后的主观工作负荷(分别为4.94±0.85、5.06±0.77)较班前(分别为1.88±0.72、1.63±0.50)明显升高(t=9.91、14.26,P＜0.01).此外,与班前相比,上午班后的雷达信号标识任务时间明显延长(t=2.51,P＜0.05),下午班后的数字错划数与漏划数明显增多(t=2.85、2.24,P＜0.05).结论 雷达作业人员在白班连续作业后出现明显疲劳,表现为工作绩效下降、主观工作负荷增加.

Objective To compare the change of performance and subjective workload of radar operators after day shift. Methods Twenty-one radar operators in a troop were selected as subjects. Their performances of pursuing computer simulated radar signal and recognizing target and fatigue degree, which scaled by the critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF) and the score of crossing out, were tested before and after the duty of day shift(8:00-12:00 and 12:00-18:00 was defined as morning and afternoon shift respectively). The subjective evaluation of workload was done at same time.Results CFF value that measured after morning and afternoon shift was respectively 30.34±1.49 Hz and 31.11±1.53 Hz, which was significantly lower than that before morning (31.61±1.84)and afternoon shift (32.41±2.13) (t=5.49, 4.64, P＜0.01). The subjective workload after shifts (4.94±0.85, 5.06±0.77) was respectively increased (t=9.91, 14.26, P＜0.01) comparing with that before shifts. In comparison of the state before shift, the time of recognizing radar signal after morning shift was significantly longer (t=2.51, P＜0.05) and the errors of crossing out after afternoon shift was significantly increased (t=2.85, 2.24, P＜0.05). Conclusions Continued day shift would cause radar operators' significant fatigue that appeared as decreased performance and increased subjective workload.