模拟持续飞行双重任务操作诱发高性能战斗机飞行员脑认知疲劳模型的研究

Study on the model of cognitive fatigue induced by consecutive simulated dual-task flight for high performance fighter pilots

目的 通过模拟持续飞行操作诱发脑认知疲劳(cognitive fatigue,CF)的实验模型,动态观察计算机模拟飞行双重任务操作绩效与主观疲劳评价指标的变化特征,为CF评价和制定相应航卫保障措施提供平台. 方法 男性战斗机飞行员30人,平均年龄(38.4±8.5)岁,分别在计算机上完成四数连加心算任务、模拟飞行姿态控制任务和二者复合的双重任务基础值测试,以及1～5 h的四数连加心算任务和模拟飞行双重任务的持续操作测试.同时对四数连加心算及模拟飞行期间出现的CF进行斯坦福嗜睡量表(Stanford sleepiness scales,SSS)评定. 结果 在单独完成四数连加任务时,其绩效指标和SSS主观评定分数在第1～5小时之间无显著变化.而完成双重任务时,双重任务正确率及双重任务保持率在基础值及第1～5小时之间差异均有统计学意义(F=16.25、23.42,P＜0.01).进一步两两比较,双重任务保持率在第2小时、第3小时、第4小时、第5小时降低,与基础值相比,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);双重任务正确率在第3小时、第4小时、第5小时降低,与基础值相比,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).完成双重任务时SSS评分在第3小时、第4小时、第5小时降低,与基础值相比,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 计算机控制的模拟飞行双重操作任务是诱发CF的敏感方法 ,利用该模型可进一步开展相关疲劳监测方法 的研究,为制定相应航卫保障措施提供理论依据.

Objective To observe the working efficiency in simulated dual-task and the characters of subjective evaluation of fatigue by studying the model of cerebral cognitive fatigue (CF)that induced by consecutive simulated flight, to accumulate the experience on CF evaluation and to provide reference to aeromedical service. Methods Thirty male pilots [average age:(38.4±8.5)yrs] were firstly tested by mental arithmetic of 4-figure consecutive addition and computer simulated flying attitude control tasks for obtaining reference baseline and then by the consecutive dual-task which composed by above two tasks for 1-5 hours. The CF that induced by tasks was evaluated by Stanford Sleepiness Scales (SSS). Results There was no significant change either in accuracy of calculation or SSS score for 1-5 h consecutive addition task. The true responding rate and true maintaining rate of dual-task showed significant differences between the baseline's and the dual-task's for 1-5 h (F=16.25, 23.42, P＜0.01). The true maintaining rate at the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th hours of dual-task were all decreased and showed significant differences with the baseline's (P＜0.05). The same situation was also found for true responding rate at the 3rd, 4th and 5th hours of dual-task (P＜0.05). Statistic was significant for dual-task due to the SSS score decreased at 3rd, 4th and 5th hour (P＜0.05). Conclusions Performing consecutive simulated dual-task flight is sensitive to induce CF and the corresponding model could be used to evaluate the methodology of fatigue and be referenced to aeromedical service.