我国工程款优先受偿权与美国建设者留置权的对比研究

Comparative Studies on the Contractor's Priority for Construction Fund in China and Mechanics' Lien in the USA

工程款层层拖欠,严重侵犯了承包企业的合法权利。为了保障承包商得到工程款支付,我国合同法确立了工程款优先受偿权制度,美国财产法规定了建设者的留置权制度。本文在介绍美国建设者留置权制度的同时,从法律视角对两种权利的行使和放弃两大方面进行深入对比分析,得出结论我国工程款优先受偿权并不能有效保障承包商,尤其是分包商和劳务工人的利益,应当大力借鉴美国建设者留置权制度,从而使工程款拖欠这一市场顽疾得到有效遏制。

Payment in arrears infringes the contractors badly in the construction market of China. In order to ensure on time payment, Contractor′s Priority for Construction Fund is established in the Law of Contracts in China. In the US, the Mechanics′Lien based on the Property Law is of similar function. In this paper, American Mechanics′lien is introduced and the execution and waiver of the said two rights are compared. The conclusion is that the Contractor′s Priority for Construction Fund cannot provide enough protection to the contractors, especially to the sub-contractors and labors. The concept of the American Mechanics′lien is of special value for China when to resolve the problem of severe arrears in construction market.