亚热带地区全量稻秆栽培食用菌的资源化研究

Whole Rice Straws Reused for Cultivation of Edible Mushroom in Subtropical Region of China

水稻秸秆资源化不仅可以保护生态环境,还可以变废为宝、增加农民收入.通过比较分析整稻草畦栽平菇、凤尾菇,稻草段熟料袋栽平菇、金针菇及生料袋栽平菇的食用菌产量和经济效益,探索亚热带地区全量稻秆栽培食用菌实现资源化的可行性.结果表明,袋栽、熟料栽培的食用菌产量和经济效益分别高于畦栽、生料栽培.在5种栽培方式中,熟料袋栽平菇产量和经济效益最高.熟料袋栽平菇的3个配比中,又以100%干稻草段栽培料配比的产量和经济效益最高,分别为1.6 kg/kg栽培料和4.6元/kg栽培料.稻草段熟料袋栽平菇菇渣分析结果表明,随着腐熟程度加深,总氮和总磷含量下降,而总钾和有机物总量升高.稻草段熟料袋栽平菇示范试验表明,530 kg干稻草可获得约730 kg鲜菇,经济效益约为4.8元/kg栽培料.这些结果对亚热带地区全量稻秆栽培食用菌实现资源化具有实际指导意义,此外菇渣还田将可能增加亚热带地区农田钾和有机质的含量.

Reuse of rice straws can not only protect the eco-environment,but also make waste profitable and increase the income of peasants.In order to investigate on the feasibility of cultivation of edible fungi on rice straws,the yields and economic benefits of the edible mushroom were compared among five treatments,including ridge cultivation of oyster mushroom and phoenix-tail mushroom in the raw material,bag cultivation of oyster mushroom in the raw material,and oyster mushroom and needle mushroom in the clinker.The results showed that the yields and economic benefits the edible mushroom under bag cultivation or in the clinker were higher than that under ridge cultivation or in the raw material,respectively.The highest yields and economic benefits of the edible mushroom were found to be bag cultivation of oyster mushroom in the clinker among five treatments.In the treatment of bag cultivation of oyster mushroom in the clinker,there were three constituting ratios of clinker including 100% straw litter,80% straw litter and 20% cottonseed hull,and 60% straw litter and 40% cottonseed hull.The yields(1.6kg/kg substrate) and economic benefits(4.6 Yuan/kg substrate) of the oyster mushroom were highest in constituting ratio of 100% straw litter.Mushroom residues under bag cultivation of oyster mushroom in the clinker were determined by chemical analyses after the oyster mushroom was harvested.The results showed that contents of total nitrogen and phosphorus decreased,but total potassium and organic materials increased during the decomposition of rice straws.Our demonstration experiment of bag cultivation of oyster mushroom in the clinker showed that 530kg of straw litter produced about 730kg of fresh mushroom,profiting 4.8 Yuan/kg substrate.These results may have the guiding sense to the practice of cultivation of edible fungi on rice straws in red soil regions.Moreover,mushroom residues returning to the field may increase the contents of total potassium and organic materials in red soil.