城市污水处理厂除臭生物滤池运行效果及影响因素研究

Performance of biofilter for odor treatment and the influence factors in municipal wastewater treatment

对山东某城市污水处理厂散发的恶臭气体进行除臭研究,考察了除臭生物滤池的运行效果、工艺影响因素和除臭生物滤池内微生物相特点。结果表明:(1)在进气量为828 m3/h、气体停留时间为30 s、硫化氢和氨进气质量浓度分别为0.5~28.4、0.9~34.3 mg/m3的条件下,稳定运行时,大部分时间硫化氢和氨去除率分别达98%和80%以上,而且除臭生物滤池对于进气负荷具有较强的抗冲击能力。(2)当填料含湿量为43.6%~63.4%时,硫化氢去除率在90%以上;氨去除受填料含湿量的影响较大,填料含湿量越高越利于氨的去除。(3)在处理低浓度含硫化氢和氨的恶臭气体时,生物除臭工程可以在低填料pH(3.0左右)下长期运行,并保持较高的恶臭气体去除率。(4)运行第60天后,当温度为10℃以上时,硫化氢和氨去除率几乎不受影响;第169天后,当温度降至10℃以下时,硫化氢和氨去除率均有一定程度的下降,最低分别为94.6%和79.8%。(5)除臭生物滤池稳定运行时,优势硫氧化菌主要为嗜酸性硫细菌。

A full-scale biofilter was developed to treat odor in a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Shandong province.The performance,influence factors and microbiological characteristics of the biofilter were investigated in this study.The biofilter presented perfect performance for hydrogen sulfide and ammonia removal during the stable operation,and it had the abirritation capability to the variational pollutants loading.During the 180 d of operation,the effluent concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia were gave the average removal efficiency of over 98% and 80%.The optimum moisture content of the packing material for hydrogen sulfide removal was 43.6%-63.4%,while ammonia removal efficiency was increased with increasing moisture content.The performance of the biofilter would not be affected when the temperature was higher than 10 ℃.The biofilter could operate efficiently under low pH conditions(approximately 3.0).The microbial analyses proved that acidophilic thiobacilli were dominant in the biofilter.