摘要
土壤和水体中自由态重金属离子由于具有生物有效性和毒性而一直受到广泛关注。近年来发展起来的道南膜技术(DMT)对待测体系干扰小、测定范围广且能同时测定多种重金属离子,得到较广泛的应用。当前,DMT已较成熟,已有实验室道南膜技术(lab-DMT)和原位道南膜技术(filed-DMT),广泛应用于土壤溶液、地表水以及人工配制的络合溶液,已成功测定的重金属离子包括Cu2+、Zn2+、Pb2+、Cd2+、Al3+、Ni2+和Cr(Ⅲ);已开发出基于离子跨膜迁移动力学DMT,解决了重金属离子达到平衡时间过长和重金属离子低于电感耦合等离子-质谱检测限等问题。详细介绍了DMT的原理、方法、应用及离子跨膜传输机制,将关于DMT的研究分为适用性和改进研究、理论基础研究、应用研究3类分别进行综述;提出了采样装置微型化、发展实时动态的原位测定技术、改进原位测定技术用于淹水土壤、湿地及底泥中自由态重金属离子的测定是该技术的发展方向。
Free heavy metal ions in soil and water have drawn wide attention due to their bioavailability and toxicity.The Donnan membrane technique(DMT) is an effective analytical method for free heavy metal ion concentration measuring.Compared with other methods,the DMT method has the advantages of simultaneous measurement of different elements in a single sample and less disturbance to tested system.DMT method is very mature at present;two developed DMT cells of lab-DMT and the field-DMT have been widely applied in metal speciation measuring in soil solution,surface water and artificial multi-component solutions,and the detected free heavy metal ions including Cu2+,Zn2+,Pb2+,Cd2+,Al3+,Ni2+,Co2+ and Cr(Ⅲ).The studies concerning DMT are divided into three aspects: fundamental study,method adaptation,and application.The recent development regarding to the theoretical aspects,methods and application of DMT are also summarized.Device micromation and using the field-DMT to measure free metal ions in sediments,submerged soils and natural wetlands in-situ are potential development for DMT.
出处
《环境污染与防治》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第12期75-80,共6页
Environmental Pollution & Control
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.40971250)
关键词
道南膜技术
自由态重金属离子
土壤
地表水
Donnan membrane technology
free heavy metal ion
soil
surface water
