37003例住院患者医院感染特点分析及对策

Analysis and countermeasures of nosocomial infection:data from 37003 cases

目的探讨住院患者医院感染特点,为有效预防与控制医院感染发生提供依据。方法采取回顾性调查的方法,对37003例住院患者的临床资料进行分析。结果医院感染率2.35%;ICU感染率最高(11.60%);感染部位以下呼吸道居首位(55.34%);病原菌以C-为主,占59.45%;昏迷、意识清醒患者感染率分别为44.62%、1.48%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论加强医院感染管理,严格执行无菌技术操作、手卫生及医院隔离技术规范,减少侵入性操作,落实昏迷患者基础护理措施,合理应用抗菌药物,是预防医院感染的有效措施。

Objective To explore the characteristics of nosocomial infections and related factors,so providing evidence for effective prevention and control of hospital infection.Methods Using retrospective study,clinical data of 37,003 inpatients were analyzed.Results Hospital infection rate was 2.35%.The highest infection rate was observed in patients in ICU as 11.6%.Respiratory tract infection ranked first as 55.4%.Gram-negative cocci was major pathogen,accounting for 59.45% of all infective cases;infection rate for unconscious and conscious inpatients was 44.5% and 1.48% respectively,the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.01).Conclusion In order to strengthen the management of nosocomial infections,measures such as Aseptic technique,hand hygiene,hospital isolation technology standards should be strictly implemented.In additon,practices including reducing the invasive procedures,basic nursing care in patients with coma,rational antibiotics prescription are also effective measures to prevent hospital infections.