中学生非形式推理能力的发展及环境影响因素

The Development of Middle School Students' Informal Reasoning and Influence Factors

为了考察中学生非形式推理能力的发展以及家庭和学校有关环境因素对中学生非形式推理的影响,该研究采用提示访谈和问卷调查考察了7-9年级中学生非形式推理能力的发展及其与家庭和学校教育环境因素的关系。结果表明:(1)中学生一般具有了反驳水平的非形式推理能力,7年级学生多处于直接反驳水平,8、9年级学生多处于间接反驳水平。(2)我方和他方推理的理由数量随年级的增高而上升,反驳次数亦随年级的增高而增多。(3)中学生在我方推理中提出的理由数量与同伴影响、教师鼓励和家长引导有一定线性因果关系。

In order to investigate the development characteristic of middle school students’ informal reasoning and investigate how the family and school environments factors influence students’ informal reasoning ability,According to the informal reasoning evaluation system putting forward by the author,ill-structured problem tests were administered to 7~9 grade students by prompting clinical interview method and questionnaire about influence from family and school environment factor to middle school students’ informal reasoning.The results showed that:(1) The middle school students reached the level of refuting reasoning and most of 7 grade students were at direct refuting level and most of 8 and 9 grade students were at indirect refuting level.(2) Middle school students’ my side-reasoning and other-side reasoning ability developed with grade and them’ refuting reasoning ability developed with grade too.(3) The encouragement of teachers,the influence of accompaniers and the instruction of parents can predict students’ my-side reasoning ability in certain degree.