宋代“牧牛风俗画”兴盛的成因与审美特色

Causes for Flourish of Folk Paintings on Grazing Cattle in Song Dynasty and Their Aesthetic Characteristics

中华民族很早就进入发达的农耕文明,而"牛耕"则是其重要标志和视觉符号,宋代是中国古代农耕文明的鼎盛时期,民族传统绘画中的牧牛题材风俗画也在宋代发展成熟。经济的繁荣、农业的发展是牧牛题材风俗画成熟的现实基础;文化的融合与发展、理学的兴起又为牧牛系列风俗画注入了人文意趣和精神内涵;画院体制的完善为牧牛题材风俗画审美特征的形成保证了相应的创作主体,从而产生了艺术形式完美、文化品格精雅、审美内涵丰厚的系列牧牛风俗画作品,其审美特征就是气象浑成、含蓄平淡、恬静和悦的典型的理学美学风貌。

China has entered into the agricultural civilization in early time,and cow plough becomes an important sign and visual symbol.As the Song Dynasty witnesses a great prosperity of the ancient agricultural civilization,folk paintings on grazing cattle also grow into maturity in the period.With economic boom and agricultural development as the basis of reality,cultural integration and rise of School of Principle infuse humanistic interests and spiritual implications into the cattle paintings.Moreover,the mechanism of painting academies is improved at the time and therefore encourages the formation of aesthetic characteristics of the paintings with creative subjects warranted.Characterized by the perfect art form,delicate cultural consciousness and rich aesthetic connotations,folk paintings on grazing cattle demonstrate the typical aesthetic style of School of Principle,which is featured by a natural scene and tranquil pleasure with plain and implicative glaze.