大学讲座制的历史演变及借鉴

Historical Evolution of Lecture System in the University: Lessons learned

在高等教育内部体制改革浪潮中,重新反思大学讲座制的历史演变,无疑具有重要的理论和现实意义。在中世纪时期,讲座代表着对学术声望的追寻,对学术教职的尊重以及对学术能力的认可。讲座制为19世纪德国大学赢得了崇高声望,并为世界各地大学所借鉴。20世纪是大学讲座制面临困境,同时也是进行变革的时期。从德、日等国家大学组织调整来看,讲座制远未走向历史终结;从讲座制产生及其演变历程分析,组织背后的理念精神仍需坚守。

Under the current reform of higher education system,it is of great theoretical and realistic significance to reexamine the historical evolution of Lecture System in the university.In the Middle Ages,Lecture System represented the craving for academic prestige,the respect of academic profession as well as the recognition of academic capability.It brought an unrivalled reputation to universities in Germany in the 19th century,and had been adapted by universities around the world.Since the 20th century,Lecture System has been facing both challenges and opportunities.However,current organizational reforms of universities in countries such as Germany and Japan indicate that Lecture System is still full of vitality,and the ideals behind Lecture System need to be carried forward,too.