失能空巢老人健康和照料现状的分析及其建议

Analysis and Recommendations on the Situation of the Disabled Empty Nest Elderly Health and Long-term Care System

目的:了解失能空巢老人健康和长期照料现状,为建立和完善失能空巢老人长期照料系统提供依据。方法:应用自行设计的一般资料问卷和欧洲五维健康量表(EQ-5D),随机对温州城区市300名失能老人进行入户进行调查。结果:失能空巢老人患病率高达96.3%,高于以往研究81.7%(p<0.001)。失能空巢老人患慢性病居前5位的依次是高血压、骨关节炎、脑卒中、糖尿病、白内障和青光眼。空巢组和非空巢组老人日常生活照料、医疗就诊外出陪伴的需求存在统计学差异(p<0.05)。除测量生命体征、打扫房间外,空巢组和非空巢组接受长期照料项目的构成比差异有统计学意义(p<0.05,p<0.01),社区医护人员提供上门长期照料服务严重缺失。结论:失能空巢老人的长期照料需求和供给之间存在不平衡现象。家庭、社区卫生机构以及社会各种力量应共同努力,为失能空巢老人构建规范、优质的长期照料服务体系。

Objective:To find out the status of the disabled empty nest elderly and its long-term care system and provide the basis for long-term care system for the establishment and improvement of the disabled empty nest elderly.Methods:Carried out to investigate applying self-designed general information questionnaire,the European five-dimensional health(EQ-5D) scale on randomized trial of 300 disabled el-derly households from community of Wenzhou city.Results:The prevalence rate of disabled elderly is about 96.3%,which higher than previ-ous studies(81.7%);the difference was statistically significant(p<0.001).The top five chronic diseases of disability empty nest are hypertension,osteoarthritis,stroke,diabetes,cataracts and glaucoma.Empty nest group and non-empty group on daily life care,company for medical,and the needs of these two groups were significantly in difference(p<0.05).Exception to measuring vital signs and cleaning house,the difference on construction ratio of the empty nest group and non-empty nest group was significant(p<0.05,p<0.01);providing home care services and long-term service by community health care givers are serious deficiencies.Conclusion:The disabled empty nest elderly's long-term care demand and supply are imbalance.Family,community health agencies and social forces should work together to build standard and high-quality long-term care service system for the disabled empty nest elderly