缩小各阶层高等教育入学机会差异,促进教育公平——建国60年高校招生政策文本的视角

Narrowing the Gap of Social Class Differences in Access to Higher Education and Promoting Educational Equity from the Perspective of College Admissions Policies since 1949

1949年至1965年,国家通过报考资格政策倾斜、优先录取政策、免试保送入学政策等措施,使得工农阶层子女获得大量的高等教育入学机会。"文革"期间废除高考、实行推荐入学制,最终导致人情、权力等在招生中泛滥。1978年恢复高考以后,高等教育入学机会按照能力本位原则进行分配,同时国家不仅对少数民族考生、华侨子女、退役军人、烈士子女等实行降分投档优惠,而且对学科、艺术、体育绩优生实行加分政策,具有文化资本优势的阶层子女获得更多入学机会。而1999年高校扩招以来,随着高校自主招生、独立学院、艺术招生规模的扩大,那些具有经济资本、权力资本与文化资本优势的阶层子女获得越来越多的优质高等教育入学机会。

From 1949 to 1965,thanks to such policies as favouring the qualification of registration,preferential enrollment,exemption of examinations and recommendation,the children of workers and peasants get much access to higher education.During the cultural revolution,college entrnace examination is replaced by recommendation system,which leads to the spread of human relationship and power in college admissions.As a result,so many children from the privileged strata such as the cadre and the soldier are recommende...