背越式跳高起跳过程的动力学分析

The Dynamic Analysis on the Course of Back Type High Jump

应用运动生物力学原理,分析背越式跳高在弧线助跑起跳过程中人体能量的变化原因,提出:除了助跑动能之外,在起跳过程中伴随较大的肌肉群弹性势能的释放也是起跳能量的重要来源之一;进一步分析运动员起跳过程身体重心向上运动的平动动能和绕质心转动的转动动能,其中的每一份能量都是完成背越式跳高动作所不能缺少的。从而为教练员更好发挥运动员起跳过程能量,提高运动成绩提供参考。

This text applies the sport biomechanics principle to analyze the reasons of the changes of human energy in the course of curved run and take-off in the back type high jump,and puts forward that besides the kinetic energy in curved run,the release of the elastic potential accompany from the bigger muscle groups in the course of take-off is also one of the important sources of the energy for take-off.It makes a further analysis on the kinetic energy of translation in the weight-up motion and the kinetic energy changing around the center of mass in take-off.Each part of energy is badly needed for the athlete to complete the overall performance of back type high-jump.This analysis will be a reference for coaches to better develop the athlete's energy in the course of take-off and improve the sports level.