上海地面沉降管理对策与法制建设

Management Countermeasures and Legal System Construction for Land Subsidence in Shanghai

地面沉降是上海地区最主要的地质灾害类型,对上海市经济建设与可持续发展造成了较为明显的影响。解放后．上海市不断探寻科学有效的地面沉降防治措施。1965年,通过大规模压缩地下水开采、开展地下水人工回灌、调整地下水开采层次等措施,有效的控制了地面沉降的发展。但随着改革开放和经济建设的发展,地下水的开发利用规模不断加大,上世纪90年代末以来,地面沉降又呈现出微量增长的态势,为此,“十五”期间,上海市进一步采取措施,开展地下水专门回灌工作,并针对工程建设对地面沉降影响开展研究,进一步拓展了地面沉降研究领域并加强了地面沉降防治管理。要使地面沉降防治工作得到全社会的重视,没有相关的法律法规是难以实现的,“上海市地面沉降防治管理办法”的正式出台,标志着地面沉降防治工作将有法可依,将进一步规范地面沉降防治与管理工作。本文将结合“上海市地面沉降防治管理办法”,回顾上海市地面沉降防治管理措施开展所取得的效果,并对进一步加强地面沉降管理与法制建设提出建议。

Land subsidence, the main geological disaster in Shanghai, affects the economic construction and sustainable development of Shanghai. Shanghai has been trying to find out effective control measures since the founding of the People's Republic of China. In 1965, land subsidence was effectively controlled by reducing the amount of groundwater withdrawal, increasing the amount of groundwater recharge, and adjusting the layers of groundwater withdrawal. Since the 1990s, however, with the development of economic construction, land subsidence shows an increasing trend. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, Shanghai took further measures for special groundwater recharge and carried out researches on the impacts of construction on land subsidence. In order to call the attention of the whole society to the problem, there must be relevant laws on land subsidence. The coming out of the“Management Measures for the Control of Land Subsidence in Shanghai”, signals that there will be laws to abide by for land subsidence control. This paper presents a review of the achievements in land subsidence control made by Shanghai, and also gives proposals for further strengthening the management of land subsidence and its legal systems.