格拉古兄弟改革述评

A Review of Gracchi'Reform

公元前2世纪30年代和20年代,平民保民官格拉古兄弟分别进行了以土地为中心的改革,试图恢复罗马经济、军事所依赖的独立小农阶级。他们的改革触动了以元老院为首的罗马大地产贵族的利益,危及了罗马共和体制,从而导致了元老院的激烈反对,引起了罗马政治的动荡。虽然他们的改革是短命的,但是却打开了罗马统治阶级暴力斗争的潘多拉盒子,从此谈判和妥协被暴力和冲突所取代,直到凯撒被刺杀和奥古斯都出现为止。

Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus of the 2nd century BC and brothers of Gaius Gracchus,through their use of the plebeian tribune,sponsored agrarian reforms to restore the class of small independent farmers on which the Roman economy and military depended.These reforms threatened the holdings of rich landowners.More importantly,these reforms threatened the Republic system,and it was seen as radical by his Senate enemies,which set the politics into turmoil.Although their reforms were short lived,the taboo against ...