明遗民与清初满汉文化的整合

Ming loyalists and the integrated Manchu-Han culture of the early Qing

在清初社会的重建过程中,满汉两种异质文化经历了从冲突到调融再到整合的演绎,与之相谐应,明遗民对清廷的态度也发生了从抗争到徘徊分化再到合流的转捩。满、汉文化与明遗民呈显一种双向互动关系,遗民现象因满、汉文化的紧张而凸显,亦因满、汉文化的调融而淡化。透过这种互动关系来探赜清初历史,将会得出合理的历史结论。

In the reconstruction of society in the early Qing dynasty, the divergent Manchu and Han Chinese cultures evolved from confrontation to accommodation and then ?nally to integration. In response to these processes, the attitude of the Ming loyalists to the court underwent a shift from resistance to divided prevarication and ten to concurrence. There was an interactive relationship between the Manchu-Han culture and Ming loyalists. The phenomenon of Ming loyalism was rendered prominent by the tension between Manchu and Han cultures, at the same time as it was moderated by Manchu- Han accommodation. An appreciation of early Qing history in light of this interactive relationship facilitates sound conclusions.