综合性教学医院医院感染发病率与相关因素分析

Nosocomial Infection Rate in General Hospital and Analysis of Correlation Factors

目的探讨医院感染的相关因素,了解医院感染的现状和动态变化,为制定有效控制措施提供可靠依据。方法利用回顾性调查的方法,对29 005例住院患者进行连续两年的医院感染监测。结果医院感染发病率3.89%,例次感染率4.14%,感染部位主要为下呼吸道、上呼吸道和皮肤与软组织,其构成比分别为34.2%、12.15%和11.81%;致病菌主要为铜绿假单胞菌、肠杆菌属和金黄色葡萄菌等;感染患者的平均住院天数明显高于非感染患者的平均住院天数,所得资料进行统计分析,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论通过医院感染的相关因素分析,了解了医院感染的高危人群、重点科室和病原菌的分布,为有效控制医院感染的发生提供了可靠的依据。

OBJECTIVE In order to provide creditable evidence for making measures of controlling nosocomial infection, we investigated correlation factors, status quo and dynamic changes about nosocomial infection.METHODS We had been monitoring 29 005 inpatients in nosocomial infection for two years, using the retrospective investigation method. RESULTS The nosocomial infection rate was 3.89%. The infection case rate was 4.14 %. The main locations of infection were lower respiratory tract, upper respiratory tract, skin and parenchyma, and their rate over the total number were 34.2%, 12. 15% and 11.81%, respectively. The main pathogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacillus and Staphylococcus aureus. The average days of hospitalization of infected patients were obviously longer than that of non-infected patients （P〈0. 01）. CONCLUSIONS By the analysis of correlation factors of nosocomial infection, we discover the distribution of the crowd in critical conditions, key departments and pathogens, and provide creditable evidence for controlling nosocomial infection.