中国城市工业环境效率度量与分析

Estimate and Analysis of Environmental Efficiency of Urban Industry in China

文章将污染排放作为非期望产出,采用方向性距离函数测算了2003～2007年中国284个城市的工业环境效率。结果表明,我国城市工业环境效率水平较低,约2/3的城市年均效率损失超过35%,仅有18%的城市的效率损失小于15%。如果不考虑环境污染产出,将低估绝大多数城市特别是中西部城市的工业部门的真实效率。研究期间城市工业环境效率显著提高,年均增长2.24%,但近1/2的城市工业环境效率增长源于生产效率的提高,并不是污染排放强度的下降,意味着这些城市必须对工业污染排放进行更严厉的监管。

Considering pollution emissions as being undesirable output,the paper measures the environmental efficiencies of industry sectors of 284 cities in China between 2003 and 2007 using directional distance function.The result shows that the environmental efficiencies of urban industry are low in average and efficiency losses of about 2/3 cities are over 35 percent,and only 18 percent cities' losses are less than 15 percent.If not considering pollution emissions,the efficiencies of most cities would be underesti...