18世纪欧美诸国的亚洲公司与广州贸易

The Trade between Canton and Asian-based Companies of European and American Countries in the 18th Century

17世纪初,欧洲各国在绝对主义高扬时期,为了与亚洲及新大陆进行交易而设立了贸易独占公司。其典型的事例为英国的东印度公司及荷兰的联合东印度公司。与此同时,法国、丹麦、瑞典等国家也同样设立了东印度公司。至此西欧各国的东印度公司的活动,不仅只局限于欧洲。这一点,在阐释进入帝国主义时代之前亚洲与欧洲的关系的研究中是一个不可或缺的问题,但是至今为止的研究并没注意到这一点。尤其对于鸦片战争之前中国的对外关系,东印度公司的存在是阐释中国与西欧关系中不容忽视的问题。在本报告中,首先对欧洲国家的进出亚洲的历史做简略的概述,并探讨当时西欧的东印度公司的状况。

In the early 17th century,stimulated by absolutism,many European countries established trade monopoly companies in order to trade with Asia and the New World.The typical ones were Britain's East India Company and Netherland's United East India Company.Meanwhile,France,Denmark,Sweden and other European countries also built up their East India Companies.Up till now,the European East India Companies have not confined their activities to Europe only,which was an indispensible matter in the study of the relationship between Asia and Europe in pre-imperialistic time.However,very little attention has been paid on this issue.The existence of the East India Company cannot be neglected,especially in the understanding of the relationship between China and the foreign countries before the Opium War.This paper fist briefly introduces the history of European countries coming into Asia and then explains the conditions of the Western Europe's East India Companies during that period.