曲周县冬小麦覆膜栽培技术研究初报

Preliminary Study on Film Mulching Cultivation of Winter Wheat in Quzhou County

覆膜穴播栽培是近年来在西北旱区发展起来的1种小麦节水栽培模式。为验证其在华北地区应用的可行性,2010～2011年在河北省曲周县中国农业大学冬小麦/夏玉米高产高效万亩示范基地,研究了在灌溉施肥和非灌溉施肥条件下覆膜与不覆膜处理对冬小麦生长及产量的影响。结果表明:覆膜冬小麦返青期表层土壤含水量明显高于不覆膜处理;覆膜可显著增加冬小麦株高、穗长、小穗数和穗粒数,显著降低不孕小穗数,从而明显提高产量;在春季灌溉施肥、不灌溉不施肥条件下,覆膜栽培的产量分别较不覆膜处理增加45%和21%;覆膜处理的经济效益明显高于不覆膜处理,表现出较好的应用前景。

Hole seeding with film mulching was a water saving cultivation pattern developed in Northwest drought region in recent years.In order to validate the feasibility of the pattern in North China,the effects of film mulching on the growth and yield of wheat were studied under the conditions of irrigation and non-irrigation at the demonstration base of Quzhou County and China Agricultural University on the high yield and high efficiency technology in winter wheat and summer maize from 2010 to 2011.The results showed that film mulching could significantly increase soil water content of 0-5 cm,enhance the plant height,spike length,spikelet number and kernel number per spike,and significantly reduce the infertility spikelet number.Film mulching could respectively increased the yield by 45% and 21% under the conditions of irrigation with fertilization and non-irrigation without fertilization in spring.The economic benefit of film mulching was much higher than that of non film mulching.Film mulching cultivation had good application prospect.