论威尔逊政府的黑人政策及其成因

On Wilson Administration's Negro Policy and Its Reasons

有关伍德罗·威尔逊政府的黑人政策,目前国内尚无具体研究。"新自由"是以伍德罗·威尔逊为代表的美国民主党人1912年大选时提出的应对美国由传统农业社会向现代工业社会转型期间涌现的社会经济问题的纲领。这一纲领虽然也涉及到社会正义和政治体制改革,但是它主要关注的是经济领域的改革,而黑人问题或黑人与白人的关系问题完全不在威尔逊及民主党考虑的范围之内。不仅如此,在威尔逊执政期间,黑人处境空前恶化。"新自由"只是美国受压迫的白人的福音,但却是黑人的苦难。由于经济改革是美国20世纪初的主要历史课题,作为社会正义问题之一的黑人利益问题被边缘化了。

At present,nobody studies on Wilson government's Negro Policy in China.'The New Freedom',which was put forward by U.S.democrats in 1912,when general elections were held,whose representative figure was Woodrow Wilson,was a program coping with socio-economic issues emerged in large numbers in the period of America's transiting from the traditional agricultural society to the modern industrial society.'The New Freedom' mainly concerned with economic reform,though it also involved to the social justice and the political system reform,while the Negro problem or the relationship between blacks and whites was entirely out of the scope of consideration of Woodrow Wilson and democrats.Moreover,the blacks witnessed the unprecedented deterioration of their situations during the period of Wilson ruling.'The New freedom' is only the gospel for the US whites,but suffering for blacks.Economic reform was a major problem to be resolved in the early 20th century in America,so black interests as one of social justice issues have been marginalized.