以美、德为鉴:审视我国征收中公共利益界定标准

The Defining Standard of Public Interest in China’s Administrative Imposition: from the Perspective of Comparison with the US and Germany

公共利益在行政征收制度中是个不可回避的概念,但何为公共利益这一问题在理论与规范上均并非处于清晰明朗的状态。以美、德二国为比较研究的范本,对它们实践中界定公共利益的实体标准和程序标准分别进行考察,并且基于该比较法上的考察结论作本土化的可行性分析,主张在我国采取"正面列举+反面排除+辅以一般条款"的方法来界定公共利益的实体标准,并效仿美、德进一步完善我国行政征收中界定公共利益的程序标准。

Public interest is an unavoidable concept in administrative imposition system. But the definition of public interest is not clear both theoretically and practically. Taking the US and Germany as the comparative study samples, this article attempts to study the substantial and procedural standards of public interest in the US and Germany imposition, make a feasibility analysis of localization based on the comparison and finally suggest that China should adopt 'enumeration + exclusion + general conditions' as the substantial standard to define public interest, and further perfect the procedural standard of China’ s administrative imposition in defining public interest by following US and German modes.