论良心

On Conscience

良心是一个古老的伦理范畴,是人类共有的美德。孟子、王阳明、苏格拉底、斯多亚学派、经院哲学、康德和黑格尔等对良心都有过很深刻的阐述。虽然中西方良心观的差异不是绝对的,而是关于良心源头与走向之诠释所持倾向的相对差异,但在历史观上两者却是唯心的。从唯物史观出发,良心是在一定的历史时期条件下,由人的认知程度和特定的生活方式所决定的,是人们根据个人学习、接受教育和生活实践经验所形成的道德情感和行为准则,并以此评价或指导自己的行为。

Conscience is an ancient ethics category and is the virtue of all mankind.Mencius,Wang Yangming,Socrates,the Stoic school,scholastic philosophy,Kant and Hegel,to all have had a very in-depth elaboration in conscience.Although the differences between Chinese and Western concept of conscience is not absolute,thus about the conscience of the source and direction of the tendency to interpret the relative differences,but in the conception of history they are both of idealistic.Starting from the historical materialism,the conscience is in a certain historical period under the conditions of the people's cognitive degree and the specific way of life of the decision,according to individual learning,accepting education and life experience by the formation of the moral emotions and behavior standard,and to evaluate or to guide their behavior.