营造可持续建筑蓄能围护结构的新思路及新方法

New Concepts and Approaches to Develop a Sustainable Building Envelope

随着能源供求失衡日益加剧,建筑蓄能节能的重要性不断凸显。营造具有高效蓄能及可调节能力的可持续蓄能围护结构,对于建筑节能具有重要意义。本文从居住者的热舒适需求出发,通过反问题思路,提出了被动式及主动式建筑中可持续室内环境营造的一些新思路和新方法。研究发现,被动式建筑围护结构理想热质体热性能具有相变材料的特征,即热容随温度的分布接近δ函数形式。并进一步开展了建筑用相变材料的研发及应用研究,研制了建筑用定形相变材料和微胶囊化相变材料,克服了传统相变材料易泄露和导热系数偏低等缺点。最后,提出了主被动式建筑围护结构和相变材料一体化的系统应用方案,并通过实验及模拟验证了其节能舒适效果,为相变材料和建筑蓄能围护结构一体化的设计及应用提供指导。

With the imbalance of the supply and demand of energy, building energy storage becomes more and moreimportant . Developing the sustainable energy storage building envelopes with high energy storage capacity and adjustment ability is very important to building energy efficiency. Based on the needs of thermal comfort from habitants, some new concepts and approaches are proposed based on solving the inverse problem to develop a sustainable indoor building environment. The results showed that, the ideal thermal mass in passive solar buildings has characteristics of phase change materials, which can distribute specific heat with temperature approaches and function. Further, we had prepared some kinds of shape-stabilized and microencapsulated phase change materials to overcome the shortcomings of conventional phase change materials, to solve the leakage problem and low thermal conductivity problem. Finally, some application methods to combine the passive and active building envelopes with phasechange energy storage systems are put forward, Their energy saving and thermal comfort effect have been validated through experiments and numerical simulations, which are helpful to guide the design and application of incorporating phase change materials with building energy storage envelopes.