粮食安全背景下的生态安全与食品安全

The Ecological Security and Food Safety in the Context of Food Security

新中国建国以来粮食安全、生态安全与食品安全的关系大致分为两个阶段:从新中国成立到改革开放前属于粮食供应短缺与生态环境压力增大时期;改革开放以来,化肥、农药、动植物激素等生产要素的大量引入,促使粮食供需达到紧张平衡,短期内粮食安全问题得到缓解,长期来看,农业面源污染加剧,土壤毒化、地下水超采、土地荒漠化与水土流失继续恶化,粮食供给不可持续,同时,粮食安全问题逐渐以食品安全的形式表现出来。面对粮食安全、生态安全与食品安全的三重压力,中国应适时调整农业发展战略,逐步摆脱石油农业,实现农业的可持续发展。

The relationship among food security,ecological security and food safety since the founding of New China can be broadly divided into two stages: from the founding of New China to the start of reform and opening up,it is characteristic of a substantial shortage of food and an increasing pressure on ecological environment;since reform and opening up,the food supply and demand has reached temporary balance with the introduction of a large number of chemical fertilizers,pesticides,as well as animal and plant hormones,therefore,food security issues have been alleviated in the short run,but in the long run,aggravation of agricultural nonpoint source pollution、poisoning of soil、groundwater overdraft、land desertification and more serious soil erosion,food supply capacity is unsustainable;At the same time,issues of food security are gradually manifested in the form of food safety.Facing the triple pressures of food security,ecological security,and food safety,China should timely adjust its agricultural development strategy,meanwhile gradually get rid of the 'oil agriculture' to achieve sustainable development of agriculture.