生理性小骨骺分离的影像学观察及其与骨端骨折的鉴别研究

Anatermic Separated Epiphysis or Avulsion Fracture: Image Observation

目的探讨生理性小骨骺分离的影像学特征及其与骨端撕脱性小骨折片的鉴别方法。方法回顾性分析21例怀疑骨端骨折而行法医学鉴定的案例,通过观察骨端游离小骨周边是否存在连续的骨皮质、小骨片相对侧表面是否有连续的骨皮质和局部软组织肿胀情况,并结合损伤机理考察骨折形态。结果21个案例中,6例游离小骨片与相对侧骨表面呈锐利的骨折线,并缺乏连续的骨皮质,周边可见软组织肿胀,考虑骨端撕脱小骨折;15例游离小骨与相对侧骨表面存在连续性骨皮质,考虑为骨关节端永存分离性小骨骺。观察游离小骨周边和相对侧骨表面是否有骨皮质,高分辨CT可以获得满意的结果;观察小骨周边相应的软组织肿胀,MRI较好。结论通过对骨端游离小骨详细的影像学观察,有助于鉴别骨折与生理性小骨骺分离。

Objective To explore an approach to distinguish avulsion fracture of articular portion from anatomic separated epiphysis. Methods 21 cases with suspicioned avulsion fracture of articular portion of tubular bone were reviewed. The cortical continuity of separate small bone and contiguous bone portion was investigated. The swell of soft tissue around these small bones was observed simultaneously. Then the configuration of the fracture was researched by injury mechanics. Results Continued bone cortex between separate small bone and corresponding bone was seen in 15 cases, so they were considered as a separate epiphysis. Sharp linear fracture between the separate small bone and corresponding bone were seen in 6 cases. The swell of soft tissue around the separate small bone was observed in all cases, so they were considered as a avulsion fracture. Conclusion The meticulous investigation of separated small bone at the articular portion by image observation is of important value for distinguishing avulsion fracture from anatomic separate epiphysis.