中国:深化事业单位改革,改善公共服务提供

China: Deepening Public Service Unit Reform to Improve Service Delivery

改善事业单位的绩效,对于提高公共服务的质量,适应中国所确定的建设小康社会的目标,落实“以人为本”的发展观,具有非常关键的意义。虽然过去以“推向市场”为目标的改革取得了很大成就,但同时也在公共服务领域引入了一些不合意的激励机制。为了改善公共服务,中国需要进行全面、协调的事业单位改革,其中包括重新界定政府的角色和从商业性活动中退出,改革公共财政以便更好地为公共服务付费,允许非国有部门提供更多的公共产品,加强公共部门内部的问责机制,建立绩效管理和监督体制。由于事业单位的复杂性和多样化特征,改革的设计与实施必须充分考虑不同部门和不同地区的具体环境以及对员工的影响。因此,有必要在中央层面建立一个跨部门的改革领导小组对事业单位改革进行指导和监督。

PSU performance is crucial for improving service delivery in the public sector to a level commensurate with China＇ s stated goals of a “Xiaokang” society and “people centered” development. Past reform efforts, aiming to “push PSUs into the market”, have achieved much, but at the same time introduced undesirable incentives in services delivery. Improving service delivery will require a far-reaching reform process that should include a reconsideration of the role of the state and divestment from commercial activities, revamping public finance for public services, allowing for more non-state supply of public goods, improving accountability relationships within the public sector, and stepping up performance management and monitoring. Given the complexity and diversity of PSUs it is crucial for such reforms to be designed and implemented with full consideration of sectoral and regional circumstance, as well as their impact on employees. Creation of a central, multi-ministerial task force to guide and monitor reforms may well be desirable.