寡头均衡、绩效改善与金融稳定——中国银行业结构变迁的政策取向

市场集中度过高,曾被主流理论认为是中国银行业微观效率过低的罪魁祸首,但中国银行业外部竞争引进的微观绩效改善效果却十分不理想。其原因在于,在政府主导的行业垄断中,外部竞争引进并没有能够动员起来国有商业银行参与行业竞争,反而在银行机构大量进入后因为提高了行业经营成本而降低了行业利润率。多种因素决定了银行业保持较高的市场集中度具有现实合理性。我们的结论在于,中国银行业如果要引入行业竞争,应该是在位寡头银行之间的竞争,而不是通过制造更多的银行机构与在位寡头银行进行竞争。寡头竞争均衡在维持金融稳定方面具有其比较优势。

The mainstream school believes the high market concentration is the main cause for China＇s banking sector＇s low efficiency. However, competition does not improve performance significantly, since market entry increases operational costs,while lowers profitability. The conclusion is that oligopoly equilibrium shows comparative advantage in financial stability.