气管、支气管成形肺切除术治疗中央型肺癌

Trachea-bronchoplasty in the treatment of centrally located lung cancer

背景与目的为了最大限度地保留正常肺组织,提高中央型肺癌患者术后的生活质量,气管、支气管成形术被应用于中央型肺癌的治疗并取得了较好的效果.本研究的目的是探讨气管、支气管成形术治疗中央型肺癌的适应证和术中处理及并发症防治.方法分析1988年6月～2004年10月76例接受气管、支气管成形术治疗的中央型肺癌患者的临床资料,其中鳞癌49例,腺癌16例,腺鳞癌7例,小细胞癌3例,腺样囊腺癌1例;Ⅰ期17例,Ⅱ期39例,ⅢA期17例,ⅢB期3例.76例中行袖状肺叶切除术55例,肺叶并主支气管楔形切除术12例,一侧肺上叶支气管-主支气管-气管侧壁大弧形切除8例,右肺上叶并右主气管-隆凸和气管下段切除以及气管与左主支气管、右中间支气管与左主支气管吻合1例;合并左肺动脉干楔形切除术3例,合并左心房局部切除2例,合并胸壁整块切除2例.结果术后7例出现并发症,其中6例并发肺部感染、肺不张,且1例发展至心肺功能衰竭而死亡;1例术后合并上消化道大出血而死亡.全组随访率为93.4%(71/76).术后1、3、5年生存率分别为82.4%(56/68)、57.8%(26/45)和41.7%(15/36).结论气管、支气管成形术治疗中央型肺癌是可行的,该术式不仅能最大限度地保留肺组织,提高患者术后生活质量,且为部分肺功能差的患者提供了切除病变的机会.

Background and objective To maximize the preservation of functional pulmonary parenchyma and improve the quality of life of patients with centrally located lung cancer, trachea-bronchoplasty has been used in clinical application with good efficacy. The aim of this study is to explore the appropriate admission and management of trachea-bronchoplasty and prevent complications of trachea-bronchial sleeve resection in the treatment of centrally located lung cancer. Methods Seventy-six patients with central lung cancer, who were .treated with trachea-bronchoplasty from June, 1988 to October, 2004, were analyzed. There were 49 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 16 adenocarclnoma, 7 adenosquamous carcinoma, 3 small cell lung cancer and 1 adenoid cystic adenocarcinoma. Seventeen patients were in stage Ⅰ , 39 in stage Ⅱ , 17 in stage Ⅲ A and 3 in stage Ⅲ B. There were 55 cases of sleeve lobectomy, 12 lobectomy with wedge resection of the main bronchus, 8 big arc resection of superior lobar bronchus-maln trachea-lateral wall of trachea, 1 resection of right upper loberight main bronchus-carina-lateral trachea and carlnal reconstruction. Results Postoperative complications happened in 7 patients. Pneumonia and atelectasis occurred in 6 cases, in which 1 died of heart and respiratory failure. Another one died of haemorrhage of upside alimentary canal. Seventy-one patients were followed up （93.4%）. The 1-, 3-, 5-year survlval rate was 82.4% （56/68）, 57.8% （26/45） and 41.7% （15/36） respectively. Conclusion The trachea-bronchoplasty can not only preserve functional pulmonary parenchyma as much as possible and improve the quality of life of patients, but also provide an operative opportunity to those patients with poor pulmonary function in the treatment of centrally located lung cancer.