不同灌溉方式对水稻生育及产量的影响

Effects of Different Irrigation Style on Rice Growing and Yield

试验设A(浅湿干)、B(浅水)、C(浅深浅)三个不同灌溉方式处理,进行了处理间需水量、叶面蒸腾、棵间蒸发、渗透量的测定和生育期及生物学特性、分蘖消长、叶面积指数、干物质积累以及产量米质构成因素等的调查,研究了不同灌溉方式对水稻生育及产量的影响。结果表明:①处理间的需水量动态除叶面蒸腾出现A(浅湿干210.0mm)>B(浅水204.5mm)>C(浅深浅200.7mm)差异不明显的变化趋势外,需水量、棵间蒸发、田间渗漏、灌溉量均呈现A(浅湿干)<B(浅水)<C(浅深浅)趋势,说明种植水稻在进一步节水上有很大的潜力;②处理间的生育期及积温有随田间灌水量的增加而略有延长的趋势,株高有随之增高的明显趋势,抗倒、抗病性为A(浅湿干)>B(浅水)>C(浅深浅);③处理间分蘖消长基本相同,叶面积指数和干物质积累均呈A(浅湿干)>B(浅水)>C(浅深浅)的趋势;④处理间的产量构成因素只有结实率和千粒重有差异,并均呈A(浅湿干)>B(浅水)>C(浅深浅)趋势。同时,碾米品质的各项指标有A处理(浅湿干)>B处理(浅水)>C处理(浅深浅)的趋势,而直链淀粉、胶稠度、蛋白质和味度值等指标则未表现出规律性变化趋势;⑤处理A(浅湿干)由于田面“水层期”较少,能明显减少棵间蒸发和渗漏,有较明显的节水效应和增产效应,并且米质不受大的影响,是最佳的高产节水灌溉方式。

In this article, effects of different irrigation style on nce growing and yield were studied wire mree different irrigation style of A（shallow wet dry）, B（shallow）, C（ shallow deep shallow）, evapotranspiration,transpiration,evaporation,infiltration capacity were measured and growth period,biological characteristics,tiller growing,leaf area index,dry matter accumulation,yield and rice quality components were investigated. The results were showed as follows： ①Tendency of transpiration under different treatments were A（210.0mm）〉B （204.5mm）〉C （200.7mm） while evapotranspiration,evaporation,infiltration capacity all were A〈B〈C, these showed that there were great potentialities in further water-saving; ②Growth period and accumulated temperature prolonged with the increase of irrigation quantity and plant height also increased, tendency of lodging resistance and disease resistance were A〉B〉C; ③Tendency of leaf area index and dry matter accumulation were A〉B〉C;④Seed C, tendency of indices of setting rate and 1000-grain weight quality were A〉B〉C while and taste value under different treatments did not show existed difference and the tendency were A〉B〉 amylose content,gel consistency,protein content regular change; ⑤ Did not have water layer most time, treatment A was the best water-saving irrigation style because it can decrease evaporation and infiltration capacity and it have obvious water-saving effect and high-yield effect.