长期有机无机肥配施对土壤肥力及水稻产量的影响

The Effects of Rational Application of Long Term Organic and Chemical Fertilizers on Soil Fertility and Rice Yield

以长期定位试验为基本材料,研究了20年的连续施用有机肥、有机肥无机肥长期配施对土壤肥力及水稻产量的影响。结果表明:(1)施用有机肥料,土壤全氮含量比化学肥料要高,有效氮平均高出15.9mg/kg;(2)施用磷肥和钾肥是提高土壤磷钾养分的基础。施肥使土壤有效磷平均高出18.8mg/kg,有效钾平均高出27mg/kg;(3)施用有机肥料改善土壤物理性质,配施不明显改变pH。有机肥料使土壤容重下降12.6%,田间持水量平均上升19.7%。(4)有机无机肥连续配施,能持续高产稳产。稻谷总产(19年早、晚稻平均),以NPKM为最高(5556.8kg/hm2),比单施化肥NPK)增产704.3kg/hm2,增产14.5%。

An experiment of long time was carried out for 20 years to study the influence of applying organic fertilizers or ration application of organic and chemical fertilizers on soil fertility and rice yield .The result were concluded as followings： （1） The total N content of soil was higher than chemical fertilizers, the effective N increased15.9mg/kg, when the organic fertilizers applied. （2） It was foundation of improving the soil PK nutrient to applying the PK fertilizer. The effective P, K content of soil increased 18.8, 27mg/kg in average to apply fertilizer. （3） Applying the organic fertilizer could improve the soil physical property, rational application could not obviously change pH. The organic fertilizer made soil capacity drop by 12.6%, the capacity of field water rise by 19.7%. （4） Rational application of organic and chemical fertilizers in succession, can stable increase yield in lastly. The total rice yield （the average yield of two seasons of 19 years） in the treatment of applying N P K Mg was 5556.8kg/hm^2, which was 704.3kg/hm^2 （14.5%.） higher than the treatment of only applying chemical fertilizer NPK.