125例急性下肢动脉创伤的诊治经验

Diagnosis and treatment of acute lower extremity arterial injury:experience of 125 cases

目的探讨急性下肢动脉损伤的诊断和治疗方法。方法分析1988年1月至2004年2月手术治疗的125例急性下肢动脉损伤患者的临床资料。其中钝性伤56例、锐性伤66例、枪弹伤3例。伴有骨折36例,神经损伤11例,深静脉损伤23例。手术方法包括动脉修补(补片)28例、端-端吻合37例、自体静脉转流32例、人工血管转流23例、单纯取栓2例和单纯结扎3例。结果治愈率85·6%,生存率98·4%。1例死于术后多脏器功能衰竭,1例因失血休克死亡。截肢(趾)率10·4%(13/125),其中8例就诊时已有肢体坏疽。结论下肢动脉创伤有很高的截肢率。多普勒检查有助于早期诊断,对于创伤的患者如果踝/肱比小于1则提示可能有动脉损伤。适当的选择术式和早期筋膜切开,是降低截肢率和死亡率的关键。

Objective To sum up the experience in the diagnosis and management of acute lower extremity arterial injury. Methods Between Jan 1988 and Feb 2004, 125 cases of lower limb arterial injuries were admitted and undergoing surgery, including gunshot in 3 cases, blunt trauma in 56 and stabbing in 66 cases. Associated injuries included bony injury in 36 cases, nerve injury in 11 cases, and vein injury in 23 cases. Arterial primary or patch repair was performed in 28 cases, end-to-end anastomosis in 37 cases, saphenous vein graft used in 32 cases, prosthetic graft bypass in 23 cases, thrombectomy in 2 cases and blood vessel ligation in 3 cases. Results Limb salvage rate was 85.6% and patient survival of 98.4%. Massive bleeding and multiple organ failure caused mortality in one each. The rate of amputation is 10. 4% （13/125）, with preoperative gangrene being present in 8 cases. Conclusion Lower extremity arterial injury carries a high amputation rate. The use of Doppler scanner is helpful for early diagnosis. An ankle/brachial index of less than 1 in the affected limb was considered as a positive sign of arterial injury. Prompt revascularization and early fasciectomy are important to reduce amputation rate and mortality.