酵母(1→3)-β-D-葡聚糖制备及其化学衍生研究进展

Review on the (1→3)-β-D-Glucan Preparation from S. cerevisiae and Its Chemical Derivation

免疫活性多糖(1→3)βD葡聚糖广泛存在于自然界中,是细菌、酵母、真菌、蘑菇、谷类和海藻的细胞壁组成型成分。本文综述了(1→3)βD葡聚糖生物学功能、制备方法和衍生化等方面的研究进展。较传统的酸碱提取法,诱导自溶结合次氯酸钠氧化可以提高(1→3)βD葡聚糖收率。使用硫酸和正丙醇的非均相体系可以制备β葡聚糖硫酸酯,产品完全溶于水,得率约37.4%(w/w),非均相体系磺化具有产物分离容易,产物纯度高,磺化反应体系正丙醇硫酸酯反应液可重复使用等优点。

Immunologically active glucans are （1→3）-β-D-linked glucose polymers that occur as the conserved structure of cell wall of bacteria, fungi, cereals, mushrooms, seaweed or are secreted extracellularly by various fungi. Their beneficial effects have been attributed to modulation of immune function, increasing bacterial clearance, increasing bactericidal activity, and other nonspeeific effects. Herein, the preparation and derivation of （1→3）-β-D-glucan from S. cerevisiae were reviewed. In contrast to the traditional acidic and alki extraction, a novel method,based on the combination of induced autolysis and subsequent oxidation of the autolysed cell by sodium hypochlorite, had higher yield. The poor aqueous solubility of resultant polysacchafide, however, was a huge hindrance to its clinic application. A process for preparing the （1→3）-β-D-glucan sulfate by heterogeneous process was propesed,in which H2SO4 and n-propanol were employed. The outstanding advantages of this heterogeneous process is concerning ecological aspects especially for a large-scale production.