古尔班通古特沙漠工程沙害形成的环境分析

Analysis on the Environment of Forming Sand Drift Disasters to Projects in the Gurbantonggut Desert, Xinjiang, China

通过对风动力与下垫面,包括地形地貌、沙丘高度、植被盖度以及沙物质颗粒等的相互作用和影响的分析,将古尔班通古特沙漠从北到南划分为6个风沙危害形成的环境区:Ⅰ.北部边缘区;Ⅱ.北部区;Ⅲ.中部区;Ⅳ.中部偏南区;Ⅴ.南部区;Ⅵ.南部边缘区。综合考虑各因素,依据沙源条件,将风沙危害形成环境的6个区划分为3个级别:一级为潜在风沙危害严重区(Ⅲ区);二级为潜在风沙危害较重区(Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ区);三级为潜在风沙危害较轻区(Ⅰ,Ⅱ区)。

The Gurbantonggut Desert （44°11′～46°20′N, 84°31′～90°00′E） is located in the eastern part of the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, its area is 4.88 × 10^4km^2, and it is the largest fixed and semi-fixed desert in China. The intensity and extent of human activities in the Gurbantonggut Desert are continuously increased along with the social and economic development and the exploitation of petroleum and gas resources. Human activities disturb the fixed and semi-fixed dunes in the Gurbantonggut Desert, thus sand drift disasters occur easily under strong winds. In this paper, the environment being suitable for forming sand drift disasters is analyzed, and the sand drift disasters to the projects in the Gurbantonggut Desert are investigated so as to reveal the formation mechanism of sand drift disasters in the fixed and semi-fixed desert and provide the basic data for constructing the sand drift control projects. The Gurbantonggut Desert is divided into 6 divisions of sand drift disasters by analyzing the interactions between wind occurrence, underlying surface situation including the topographical and morphological conditions, dune height and types, vegetation coverage, granular composition of sand grains, etc. Moreover, the 6 divisions of sand drift disasters are divided into 3 grades based on the considered factors, such as the sand sources and the environment being suitable for forming sand drift disasters.