节水型社会建设中水资源的利用问题

Utilization of Water Resources in Construction of Water-saving Society

全面建设节水型社会是解决水资源短缺最根本、最有效的战略措施。随着可持续发展理念的深入,有关水资源及其开发利用的很多问题值得进一步研究。本文针对节水型社会建设中水资源的利用问题进行了初步探讨,旨在转变观念,按照新时期的治水方针和治水思路,以全面的水资源价值观和科学的评价规则为基础,制定科学合理的水资源利用规划和节水规划,提出符合客观规律的水资源利用及节水措施。

China is one of the countries in serious shortage of water resources. The total volume of water resources in China is great and occupies 7% of the total in the world, the per capita volume of water resources, however, is only 30 % of the average in the world. Moreover, the temporal and spatial distribution of water resources in China is seriously uneven, the interannual and annual change is significant, and water pollution is serious, thus many places in China are in serious shortage of water, and the ecological environment is degenerated. The shortage of water resources has become as a main factor restricting the coordinative and sustainable development of society, economy and ecological environment. On the one hand the difficulties of exploiting water resources are increased along with the increase of water consumption, on the other hand the utilization e^ficiency of water resources is low, the redistribution of water resources is irrational, and both shortage and waste of water resources are exist, so the potential of saving water is great. To develop the water-saving society is the most radical and effective measure for alleviating and even solving the shortage of water resources. After the theory of sustainable development is introduced, many issues about rational exploitation, utilization and redistribution of water resources need to be lucubrated. In this paper, the issues about rational exploitation, utilization and redistribution of water resources in the development of water-saving society are preliminarily researched so as to provide the scientific bases for working out the scientific and rational utilization planning and water-saving planning based on the change of the traditional concept of water consumption, new principles and concept of the redistribution of water resources, and overall values of water resources, and some measures are put forward for the rational utilization of water resources and developing the water-saving society.