塔里木河中下游生态养羊技术模式探讨——以尉犁县为例

Study on the Technological Mode of Ecologically Breeding Sheep at the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Tarim River ——A Case Study in Yuli County, Xinjiang

生态养殖是畜牧业可持续发展的重要组成部分,生态养羊是针对塔里木河中下游地区脆弱的环境条件,为保护和恢复退化生态系统平衡,发展区域经济提出的生态可持续发展方式。针对塔里木河中下游地区的实际情况,依据退化生态系统恢复、产业生态学、系统的能流功能原理、可持续发展原则、景观生态学的理论,对生态养羊中的退耕还草、还牧,天然草地的恢复,圈舍建设,繁殖饲养管理,粪便的无害化生态处理等进行分析,提出生态养羊的相应理论框架。

Ecological breeding o{ domestic animals is one of the major components of sustainable development of stockbreeding. In this paper, a case study on a project of ecologically breeding sheep is carried out in Yuli County, Xinjiang. The study area is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River, and the areas of steppes, usable steppes and farmlands in the county were 4.03 × 10^5 hm^2, 2.05 × 10^5 hm^2 and 2.44 × 10^4 hm^2 respectively by the end of 2000. Currently, however, the area of steppes is reduced and the steppes are seriously degenerated due to the enlargement of the area of farmlands, increase of water consumption in the upper reaches, digging of medicinal herbs and firewood gathering. The project of ecologically breeding sheep is a sustainable ecological development mode to conserve and restore the vulnerable environmental conditions and the degenerated ecosystems and develop the regional economy in the middle and lower reaches of Tarim River. According to the arid environment and the peculiar conditions here, this paper analyzes the actuality of stockbreeding and the existing problems, such as the deficient natural resources and the land desertification, and also analyzes the program of withdrawing from farming to afforesting and grass planting, restoration of the natural steppes, construction of barnyards, reproduction and management of sheep, and innocuous and ecological treatment of dejecta based on the restoration of the degenerated ecosystems, industrial ecology, principles of the systematical energy current functions and of sustainable development. Thus, the corresponding theoretical framework of ecologically breeding sheep is put forward.