中国古典法律解释的方法智慧——关注解释的合法性

The Wisdom in the Methods of Chinese Ancient Legal Interpretation——Legality of Interpretation

独断体解释、问答体解释、注释体解释和判例体解释构成中国古典法律解释之四种基本方法,也从中彰显着中国古典法律解释的方法智慧。独断体解释注重解释主体、解释权力等的“适格”问题,从而为寻求法制统一提供着方法路径;问答体解释则表现着古典中国“上级”对“下级”如何理解法律的教示,它完全不同于现代解释学上的对话机制,在一定意义上乃是一种“训话”机制。注释体解释关注法律解释中的文法机器运用;判例体解释则使人们大体能够了解古代中国的“判官”们是如何在实施中“发现”法律的。

The four basic types of Chinese ancient legal interpretations are as follows： arbitrary interpretation, interlocution interpretation, commentary interpretation, and prejudication interpretation, in which the wisdom in the methods of Chinese ancient legal interpretation was obvious. The arbitrary interpretation attaches importance to the issues such as the qualification of the subject of interpretation and the power to interpret so as to provide methods for unifying legality. The interlocution interpretation shows the instruction of the “superior” to the “subordinate” about how to understand laws. It is totally different from the interlocution mechanism of modem hermeneutic, and in a sense it is still a mechanism of “admonitory talk”. The commentary interpretation focuses on the application of grammar device in the interpretation of laws. The prejudication interpretation makes people have a general idea about how the ancient “judges”“find” law in practice in ancient China.