近代民事主体形成的条件与成因

The Shaping Condition for Modern Civil Subjects

近代民事主体理念超越了具体平等而实现于抽象平等。没有平等观念就没有抽象平等,没有抽象平等也就没有近代民事主体。“平等主体”从根本上反映了人在资本主义生产方式中的经济存在形式。近代民事主体理论形成的基础就是劳动力私人性的承认和契约工具的利用。契约是近代民事主体得以确立的工具。劳动力私人性的承认是近代民事主体得以确立的内在理论前提。民法中劳动力私人性的法律表现形态是随着劳动力价值的提升而展开的。保障劳动力私人性就是在维护民法的主体制度,其中,宪政的保障作用是基础性的、不可或缺的。

The concept of modem civil subject transcends the concrete equality and realizes the abstract equality. Without the concept of equality, there will be no abstract equality. No abstract equality, then no modem civil subject. “Equal subject” reflects the economic existing way of people in the capital production fashion. The basis for the theory of civil subject to form is the recognition of the personal character of labor force and the use of contractual instrument. Contract is the tool for the establishment of modem civil subject. The recognition of the personal character of labor force is the inner theoretical premise for the establishment of modem civil subject. The legal manifesting conformation of the personal character of labor force in civil law develops with the rise of the value of labor force. To guarantee the personal character of labor force is to maintain the system of civil subject, in which the function of constitutional govemment is basic and indispensable.