城市建筑乌托邦

The Urban and Architecture Utopias

城市和建筑乌托邦将建筑和城市作为一种社会改造的实验场。20世纪的现代城市最能表现现代技术的力量和美学观念,它也表达了一种执行社会正义的进步思想。这时期的乌托邦思想家和实践者们相信并且展望一种城市的革命性的重建不仅可以解决该时代的都市危机,而且能够解决社会危机。乌托邦是历史上人类智慧创造出来的“理想”城市建筑和社会。乌托邦也是人类的一种信仰,这种信仰认为可以忽略自然条件的限制去创造完善理想的城市和社会。本文探讨了现代主义以来城市建筑中的乌托邦实验,尤其是霍华德的花园城市、未来主义城市建筑、构成主义的理想革命社会、柯布西耶的明日的城市,赖特的广亩城、阿基格拉姆的技术社会、情景主义的偶然和暂时性社会、索托萨斯的反现代主义、库哈斯的发狂的纽约和伍兹的新世界。

Behind the Urban and architecture utopias lies the utopian spirit, The spirit is the felling that society is capable of improvement and can be made over to realize a rational ideal. Utopias were inspired by the prospect that a radical reconstruction of the cities would solve not only the urban crisis of their time, but the social crisis as well. These ideal cities are the most ambitious statements of utopians believe that reforming the physical environment can revolutionized the whole life of a society. Utopians considered design as an active force, distributing the benefits of the Machine Age and Post-industrial Era to everybody and directing the society and community to achieve the ultimate social harmony.