中西方传统建筑:一种符号学视角的观察

Traditional Architecture in East and West: A Discussion Focused on a Point of View of Semiology

本文从西方20世纪流行的符号学概念,特别是符号的“能指”与“所指”概念出发,在对符号学一般性定义进行分析的基础上,将中西方建筑思想中一些基本观点纳入其中进行比较分析,从而发现中西传统建筑在基本出发点上的一些差异。西方古典建筑将“美观”作为基本目标,并将着眼点落在建筑之形式及形式美的艺术性探索上,而中国传统建筑将具有实用性质的“空间”及具有“意义”内涵的礼制规则作为基本目标,从而将建筑的着眼点落在建筑之空间、体量与装饰的等级差别(度)上。这一基本分析,标识了中西传统建筑的一个基本差异。

It is a paper focused on an analysis based on the Western idea of Semeiology. And it is specially based on two concepts of‘significant＇ and ‘signifié＇. With a comparison of some essential concepts of classical Western and traditional Chinese architecture ideas, a conclusion could be reach that the classical Western architecture have had paid much more attentions on the category of ‘form＇ based on the ideas of ‘beauty＇ or ‘delight＇. As a contrast, traditional Chinese architecture would have paid some more attentions on the category of ‘meaning＇ base on the idea of ‘rule＇ （Du） which could differentiate the social ranks. The analysis shows us some essential differences between Western and Chinese traditional architecture.