部分野生动物监测与广西两起SARS关系的回顾分析

Retrospect Analysis on the Relationship of Monitoring on Part of Wild Animals with 2 SARS Epidemics in Guangxi Province

目的分析广西SARS始发疫情与部分野生动物SARS监测结果之间的关系,研究SARS病原的可能的动物来源。方法对一起SARS始发疫情和一起输入疫情进行流行病学调查,用SARS病毒核酸扩增(Real-timePCR)荧光法检测99只人工饲养野生动物的咽拭、肛拭、组织标本SARS病毒基因,用ELISA法检测野外捕获的117只野生动物血样标本的SARS病毒总抗体。结果发病前一月,始发病例的家猫先病亡;首例输入病例有明确的蛇和老鼠等野生动物接触史。自然来源的野生动物SARS冠状病毒总抗体阳性率5.12%,鸟纲阳性率22%,爬行纲阳性率20%。结论SARS始发病例与动物有关,SARS病原可能来源于自然界野生动物,其中蛇、鹰、蛤蚧、鳖最为可能。禁止捕猎、贩运、宰杀野生动物和控制鼠类媒介是防范SARS发生和控制扑灭SARS疫情的首要措施。

Objective This analysis was made to assay the relationship between the initiating SARS epidemic in Guangxi and the monitored results of SARS among part of wild animals and study the possible animal＇s source of pathogens of SARS. Methods Epidemiological investigation was carried out on one initiating epidemic of SARS and one epidemic introduced. 99 pharynx swabs, anus swabs and tissue samples of artificially breeding wild animals were tested for virus genes of SARS using fluorescent polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The total antibody of SARS virus from blood samples of 117 wild animals caught in the wildness was determined by ELISA. Results Before one month of onset, the home cat in the starting case was dead at first; the first case of introduction had definite contact history with such wild animals as snake and mouse etc. The positive rate of the total antibody of SARS corona virus from natural wild animals was 5.12%, 22% in the bird class and 20% in the reptile class. Conclusion The initiating case of SARS is related to animals and the SARS pathogen may stem from natural wild animals, of which snake, hawk, clam, turtle are the most possible. Banning on hunting, trafficking and killing of wild animals, and controlling mouse media are primary measures to prevent, control and terminate SARS epidemic situation.