连续流双污泥同步除磷脱氮系统的微生物学研究

Study on the Microorganism in the Continuous-flow Two-sludge System for Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal

目的考察双污泥同步除磷脱氮系统稳定期的主要微生物种类、数量和特性.方法利用电镜、特殊染色法、平板分离技术和一系列的生化试验对系统内硝化池、缺氧池内的微生物进行了观察和分离鉴定.结果硝化菌总数为9.5×106cfu/mL,共分离出5株硝化菌;反硝化菌总数为4.5×105cfu/mL,共分离出5株反硝化菌,通过吸磷试验发现,肠杆菌科的两株菌(LB3和LB5)和假单胞菌属的菌株(LB4)的吸磷能力较强20h后的吸磷量达到了3.32mg/L、4.64mg/L和2.74mg/L,弧菌科的菌株(LB2)和气单胞菌属的菌株(LB8)的吸磷能力较弱,20h后的吸磷量仅为1mg/L和1.24mg/L.结论反硝化聚磷污泥和普通好氧聚磷污泥在性状上极为相似,内源物质PHB和聚磷有着相同的变化规律;硝化池内填料表面形成了稳定的生物膜,硝化细菌成为优势菌群;分离得到的5株反硝化菌可认为是反硝化聚磷菌.

The category, quantity and characteristic of microorganisms in the continuous-flow two-sludge system that operated steadily were investigated. The results showed that, when the system ran steadily, biofilm was formed on the mediums in contact oxidation tank and the amount of nitrobacteria was 9.5×10^6 cfu/ml. Five strains of nitrobacteria were isolated from contact oxidation tank and also five strains of denitrilying bacteria were obtained in anoxic tank. The amount of denitrifying bacteria was 4.5×10^5 cfu/ml. Through phosphorus uptake test, it was validated that all the isolated denitrifying bacteria had different phosphorus uptake capability. While two strains identified as vibrionaceae spp. （LB2） and Aeromonas spp. （LB8） were only capable of accumulating small amounts of phosphorus with lmg/1 and 1.24 mg/1 respectively in 20 hours, two strains identified as Enterobacteriaceae spp. （LB3 and LB5） and one strain identified as Pseudomonas spp. （LIM） demonstrated the most efficient anoxic phosphorus accumulation with 3.32 mg/1,4.64mg/1 and 2.74 mg/1 respectively in 20 hours. Using peculiar staining process, the denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria showed similar character and biological metabolism on intracellular substances PHB （Poly-β-Hydroxybutyric acid） and Poly-p（Poly-phosphate） to conventional anaerobic/aerobic phosphorus removing organisms.