略论初期白话诗的“直言”形式和“以文为诗”的创作方法

The Direct Expression Form of Early Verses and the Creative Method of “Narrative Poems”

由于从西方传入的“直言”方法与“五四”新诗人以思想解放为特色的文化心理相吻合,因此“直言其理”、“直言其事”、“直言其情”被大量地运用于初期白话诗的创作之中;胡适的《尝试集》中的诗歌十分突出地采用了这种“直言”形式。另外,以“五四”时代思潮为精神底蕴的初期白话诗,也在自宋以来的“以文为诗”的线索中找到了新诗“直言”形式与传统的内在联系;“以文为诗”一方面为初期白话诗建立了一种更适合于表现新诗人精神世界的新形式,另一方面,初期白话诗试图通过“以文为诗”达到“借历史以正名”的目的,这一事实本身,也从一个特殊的角度体现了新诗对传统诗学“话语原型”的“重温”,反映了新诗与传统诗学必然的“血缘”联系。

As the form of “direct expression” introduced from the West coincidates with expressing new poets＇ cultural psychology characterized by ideological emancipation in the period of May Forth Movement, “direct in teaching morality”,“direct in narrating things” and “direct in expressing feelings” were largely applied in the early creation of verses in varnacular Chinese. One such example is “Selections of Attempt” by Hushi. The early verses in varnacular Chinese, focused in the clue of “narrative poems” since Song Dynasty, the inner linking between the form of “direct expression” with the tradition. On the one hand, “narrative poems” gave a new form for new poets to express their feelings properly ; on the other hand, the early verses tried to attain the aim of “to testify to one＇s righteousness” by means of history. This fact reflects the necessary relations between new poems with traditional ones.