从办学理念看柏林大学改革与北大改革的相异点

Think the Reformative Difference between Berlin University and Beijing University from Ideology of Running the University

德国柏林大学继承中世纪大学学术自由,学术自治的理念并发扬光大,尤其是费西特、施莱尔玛赫、洪堡等人对柏林大学的改革更是对后世的近现代大学影响深远。蔡元培模仿德国模式改造北大,这就是中国的近代高等教育的一个典型例子。德国大学观对北京大学改革的深刻影响虽然带来了两者的相似性,但其差异性更是明显。本文试图从两者的办学理念、在办学理念的侧重点和主要倾向上的不同点以及两者对世界的不同影响这三个方面来阐述两者改革的相异点,以此能给予我们更大的启示。

Berlin University in Germany inherits the academic freedom and academic autonomy of the university in Middle Ages. It develops the idea further too. Especially the reform that Fee Sid, Schleyer agate Hertz and Wilhelm yon Hum- boldt carried on in Berlin university brings far - reaching influence to the modern university of later age. That Cai Yuanpei imitates the mode of Germany university to reform Beijing University is a typical example of modern higher education in China. The deep influence that view of Germany university puts on one of Beijing university brings the similar reform in the two university, but the difference of the two university is more obvious in several aspects. 1 attempt to explain the reformative difference in two universities from three aspects including interpreting the idea of running an university, interpreting the emphasis points and difference about the idea of running an university and the different influence of the two universities in the world. I hope it can give us enlightenment.