蓬勃发展的中国磷肥工业如何面对磷矿资源瓶颈

How to Eliminate Bottleneck in Phosphate Rock Resources in Face of China′s Flourishing Phosphatic Fertilizer Industry

近10年来,我国磷肥工业取得了突飞猛进的发展,其主要标志是以基础肥料磷酸二铵(DAP)为代表的高浓度磷复肥从无到有、从小到大,生产装备的技术水平和国产化程度快速提高,产品结构不断优化,自给率不断提高。但在高速发展的同时,风险和隐忧已经显现,即DAP市场可能出现严重的供过于求、原料磷矿供不应求、磷矿资源衰竭速度加快,这直接威胁我国中、远期的粮食安全。为此,笔者建议采取坚决禁止磷矿石的出口、鼓励进口磷矿石、限制磷铵的发展速度、继续坚定不移地实行“矿肥基地”和“酸肥基地”并举和并重的方针、大力提倡两大基地的资源整合和鼓励有条件的“酸肥基地”企业参与开发矿山等措施,切实保障我国磷复肥工业的可持续发展。

For the past 10 years the phosphatic fertilizer industry in China had experienced a rapid development, its main signs were that high-analysis phosphatic and compound fertilizers with the fertilizer material DAP as a representative grew out of nothing, from a small to a large scale, the technical level of the production equipment and the degree of localization rose fast, the product mix was diversified and optimized continuously, and the degree of self-sufficiency increased incessantly. However, while developing at a high speed, risks and anxious issues became evident, viz., the supply of DAP might greatly exceed its demand on the market, the supply of its raw material phosphate rock fell in short of demand, the depletion of phosphate rock resources accelerated, and these directly threatened the safeguard for grain production in China in the middle and long term. To this end, the writer proposes that the export of phosphate rock be strictly forbidden, the import of phosphate rock be encouraged, the rate of expansion of DAP be restricted, the unswerving implementation of the policy be continued of developing concurrently and laying equal stress on ＂phosphate rock and fertilizer bases＂ and ＂acid and fertilizer bases＂ , the integration of resources be strongly advocated for the two kinds of bases, and the participation be urged of qualified enterprises with ＂ acid and fertilizer bases＂ in the exploitation of mines, so as to earnestly ensure the sustainable growth of the phosphatic and compound fertilizer industry in China.