不同对虾养殖水体中无机磷与叶绿素a的关系研究

Research on the Relationship between DIP and Chlorophyl-a in Different Model's Water of Shrimp Culture

为了研究不同模式对虾养殖水体中无机磷与叶绿素a的关系,于2001年10月15～19日在广西海洋研究所的养殖试验基地,选取8个封闭式的对虾工厂化养殖试验池和4个水泥底普通的露天养殖池,连续5d现场测定养殖水体的pH值和化学耗氧量(COD),并现场抽滤固定水样,带回实验室分析叶绿素a和无机磷的含量。工厂化养殖试验池采用高密度、高投饵的养殖模式,普通养殖池采用低密度、少投饵的传统养殖模式。结果表明,在工厂化养殖模式中,无机磷含量为0.82～1.59mg/L,叶绿素a含量均在1.7lμg/dm3以下,水体环境呈高磷低植物生物量特征。在普通养殖模式中,无机磷含量均在0.041mg/L以下,叶绿素a含量为3.94～6.86μg/dm3,水体环境呈低磷高植物生物量特征。在两种模式的养殖水体中,无机磷与叶绿素a之间呈显著负相关(r=|-0.791|～|-0.927|>r0.01=0.708),与COD之间呈显著正相关关系(r=0.818～0.904>r0.01=0.708),与pH值之间有3d呈负相关关系(r=|-0.685|～|-0.750|>r0.05=0.576)。光照度的强弱及营养盐补充源的多少对养殖水体中无机磷含量和叶绿素a含量起重要的影响作用。

To study the correlationship between DIP and chlorophyll-a（chl-a） in different model＇s water of shrimp culture, we tested the pH value and COD in 8 industrialized culture ponds and 4 normal ponds during 15th～19th, Oct. , 2001, and drawed the water samples for DIP and chl-a analyse in laboratory. The industrialized shrimp culture model with high density, high forage-fed and the normal model with low density, low forage-fed, were undertaken at the culture base of Guangxi Institute of Oceanography. The DIP and chlorophyll-a contents of industrialized model were 0. 82～1.59mg/L and 1.71μg/dm^3 respectively,showing high DIP and low plant biomass in the environment of water. But in the normal model, the environment of water was characterized as low DIP and high plant biomass,while they presented as 0. 041mg/L of DIP and 3.94～6.86μg/ dm^3 of chlorophyll-a. The results of correlation analysis showed that,in the two model＇s water,DIP and chl-a had a strong negative correlation（ r=｜-0. 791｜～｜-0. 927｜〉 r0.01= 0. 708）,at the same time, DIP and COD, had a strong positive correlation （r = 0. 818～ 0. 904〉 r0.01 = 0. 708）, DIP and pH value,had 3d negative correlation（ r =｜-0. 685｜～｜0. 750｜〉 r0.05=0. 576）. The important effective factors to DIP and chl-a are the illumination and the nutrient salt.