老年患者跌倒原因及对预防跌倒的认知调查

Analysis of the related factors of falls in elderly patients and investigation on their recognition to the prevention of falls

目的通过对156例老年患者跌倒的原因及对预防跌倒的认知调查,探讨与老年患者跌倒发生有关的因素及对预防跌倒的认识、个人行为,以提高防护意识,从而有效地预防跌倒的发生.方法采用方便取样的方法,以自制调查表调查住院老年患者对预防跌倒的认识及行为状况.结果①老年患者的跌倒与年龄、自身患有导致跌倒的慢性疾病、活动不便及生活环境的不适宜有关.②了解预防知识和预防措施的老年患者仍不能避免跌倒的发生.③达到预防措施要求的老年患者跌倒率低于未达到者.结论年龄在76～80岁,患有致头晕、下肢活动不便等疾病的老年患者为跌倒的高危人群;不适宜的生活环境及不服老的心理,增加了老年患者跌倒的频率;老年患者一旦跌倒伤势较重.提示要对跌倒的高危人群实施有效的防护措施;纠正不适宜行为及不服老的心理;提高患者对预防跌倒的认识,从而减少跌倒的发生.

Objective To analyze the related factors of 156 elderly patients＇ falls and investigate their recognition to the prevention of falls to improve the elderly people＇ s consciousness of self-protection and to prevent the happening of falls effectively. Method Using convenient sampling method and selfdesigned questionnaire to investigate the elderly patients＇ recognition and behaviors on the prevention of falls. Results The result showed that：①The falls in elderly patients were related to the patients＇ age,chronic diseases related with falls,inconvenience of mobility, and improper living environment. ②Elderly patients with good recognition to the prevention measures of fails still couldn＇ t avoid the happening of fails. ③The rate of fails in those with good compliance with the prevention measures of fails was significantly lower than that of those with poor compliance. Conclusions Those who aged between 76 and 80,who have the trouble of swirl and weakness or crippled on the legs, are the high risk group of fails. Meanwhile, improper living environment and the mentality of failing to accept the aging increased the frequency of fails in elderly patients. And once fails occurred in elderly people, they usually get hurt more seriously than the adults and children. In order to reduce the happening of fails in elderly patients, it is necessary to take effective prevention measures for the high risk group ,to correct their improper behaviors and the mentality of failing to accept the aging, and to strengthen the elderly patients＇ recognition to the prevention of fails.