不同诱变因素对小麦性状的影响

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MUTAGENS ON CHARACTERS IN COMMON WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)

以粉质、中杆、无芒小麦辐３６为材料，分别用Ｎ＿２激光、氮离子注入和射线三种诱变因素处理，对第二代植株高度有影响，经前二者处理的对株高有提高趋势，氮离子注入的，二代出现高杆植株占７２．６％，１焦耳Ｎ＿２激光处理的在二代中有４５．５％是高杆。射线处理的Ｍ＿２株高明显变矮，７９ｃｍ以下的单株占总株数中４６．３％；在芒性变异上出现顶芒和长芒类型，处理间诱变效果顺序为γ射线＞１焦耳队激光＞０．５焦耳Ｎ＿２激光≈氮离子注入；在籽粒质地变异上出现半角质和角质的籽粒，其中Ｎ＿２激光对籽位质地影响较大，有６５．７－７７．３％植株籽粒是角质，氮离子注入的二代角质株占４５．２％，γ射线二代角质株占４２．９％。对三代突变株农艺性状比较认为：γ射线诱发矮杆突变效果最好，并且后代稳定快，Ｎ＿２激光和氮离子注入对诱发高产性状突变较有效。

Dry seeds of Fu 36,an awnless common wheat variety of soft texture and medium stature(80- 89cm),were treated with N_2 laser,nitrogen ion implantation and γ-ray to study the effects of thesemutagens on some characters. The results showed that evident variations in plant height were produced in M_2generation. There were 72. 6%and 45.5%tall-stalked plants in M_2 populations derived from nitrogen ionimplantation and N_2 laser treatment with one joule respectively,and there was 46.3%short stalked plants inM_2 population from γ-ray treatment.In terms of awn, tip-awned and long-awned mutants were in-duced with the mutagenic efficiency being γ-ray >1 j N_2 laser>0.5j N_2 laser≈nitrogen ion implantation,Inaddition, semihard and hard grain texture mutations were obtained in M_2 generation. There were 65.7%-77. 3%hard grain texture plants in M_2 population for 0.5j N_2 laser treatment,45.2%for nitrogen ion im-plantation, and 42. 9%for γ-ray radiation. It was believed through survey1ng agronomic traits of mutants inM_3 generation that γ-ray treatment induced short-statured mutations more effectively than the others andthe mutagens got to stability quickly, whereas N_2 laser and nitrogen ion implantation could be preferably usedfor induction of mutations of yield-related traites.