同场对抗性集体球类项目球队竞技能力要素分析

Analysis of Essential Elements of Teams' Competitive Ability of Collective Ball Game Events of Antagonism on the Same Ground

同场对抗性集体球类项目主要包括足球、篮球、手球、冰球、曲棍球等,该项群运动的竞技能力及其影响因素是所有竞技体育项目中最复杂、最易变、最难以控制的。主要的影响因素有:球员的因素,包括每个位置上球员的专职水平,核心球员的水平,有无球星级球员等;教练员的因素。球队的客观环境因素包括对手的水平、竞赛环境、裁判的执法效果等;球队的社会文化、心理环境因素,包括整个社会的行为文化与精神文化、运动队集体的奋斗目标、队内人际关系气氛、运动队与社会的关系状态等。

The collective ball game events of antagonism on the same ground mainly include soccer, basketball, handball, ice hockey, field hockey etc. The competitive ability of this group of events and its influential factors are the most complicated, changeable and difficult to control. The main influential factors are： the factors of players, which include the special duty level of players in each position, the level of key players, there are star players or not etc. ; the factors of coaches; the environment factors of team＇s objective, which include the level of opponents, competitive environment, the effects of referee administrating law and rules etc. ; the social culture and psychological environment factors of teams, which include the behavior and mental cultures of the whole .society, the collective goal of team＇s effort, the atmosphere of relations of all kinds of people in a team, the state of relation between team and society and so on.